Acids, Bases and Salts


Acids
• Taste: Sour
• Testing: Changes the Blue litmus paper to Red.
• Conducts Electricity when acid solution is mixed with water.
• Ions produced in water: H3O+ or H+ ions


Common Acids and its Sources
1. Acetic Acid - Vinegar
2. Citric acid - Citrus fruits like orange, lemon, etc..,
3. Lactic Acid - Curd
4. Methanoic Acid - Ant sting, Nettle sting..
5. Oxalic acid - Tomato
6. Tartaric Acid - Tamarind


Bases
• Taste: Bitter
• Testing: Changes Red litmus paper to Blue.
• The purple colour litmus solution indicates that the solution is neither acidic nor basic.
• Conducts Electricity when basic solution is mixed with water.
• Ions produced in water: OH- ions.
• Alkali: Bases which are soluble in water.


pH Scale
• Used to find the hydrogen ion concentration in the given solution.
• pH , p - power(potenz in german).
• Minimum value - 0 and Maximum Value -14
• Value '0' represents - very acidic
• Value '14' represents - Very basic or very alkaline
• Value '7' represents - Neutral
• pH value for acid rain - less than 5.6.




Salts:
• Chlorine - Water treatment
• Bleaching powder - oxidising agent, disinfectants
• Sodium Hydrogen carbonate - Antacids, baking soda
• Sodium carbonate - Washing Soda

• Ghandhiji arrived India in 1915 from South Africa.

• In 1916, he founded the Sabarmathi Ashram at Ahmedabad
• Three major events
1. Champaran Sathyagraha (1917) Bihar
2. Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918)`UP
3. Kheda Satyagraha (1918) Gujarat

• The peasant were forced to cultivate indigo 3/20th of their land and to sell it with the price fixed by the European planters.
• Persons who took active part along with Gandhiji were:
• Rajendra Prasad
• Mazhar-ul-Huq
• J.B. Kripalani
• Narhari parekh
• Mahadev Desai

• Government formed a committee to enquire which also included gandhiji as a member.

• Demand for 35% increase in wage.
• Gandhiji undertook fast.
• The mill owners accepted the demand at the end.

• The government demanded full land revenue even though there was a crop failure.
• Ghandhiji advised the peasants to withhold payment.
• Finally, government ordered to collect payment only from those who can afford.

• Sardar Vallabhai Patel was one among those who took active part.

• The Rowlatt act , gave powers to arrest and detain without trail for period upto 2 years.
• It also suspended the right of Habeas Corpus.

• To protest against the arrest of leaders Saifuddin Kitchlew and Satyapal, people assembled in the Jallianwala Bagh (Amritsar, Punjab).
• General Dyer order to open fire.
• Hunter Commission were appointed to enquire the case.
• Rabindranath tagore renounced his Knightwood to show his protest on this issue.

• Soon after the formation of INC, Bengal became the nodal centre for the growth of nationalism. 
• The British took the most important strategic weapon 'divide and rule'. They tried to divide the people among themselves based on caste, wealth, community,.. 
• At last Division on the basis of Religion gave the expected result. 
• On 20th June 1905. Lord Curzon issued an order for the division of Bengal into two 
• Eastern bengal and Assam 
• Western Bengal 
• The partition came to effect on 16th October 1905. 
• The Nawab of Dhaka Supported the partition. 

• Mass meeting were held throughout Bengal to show their resistance to partition. 
• A resolution to boycott foreign goods(Swadeshi) was passed in a meeting held in the Town Hall(Calcutta) on 7th August 1905. 
• In madras the swadeshi movement was lead by V O Chidambaram Pillai. 

• The moderates felt that the swadeshi movement should be confined to Bengal alone and it is not the right time for a massive movement across the country. 
• The Extremists wanted the swadeshi movement to be extented throughout the country. 
• This lead to the split among the member of the INC. This is known as surat Split. 
• In 1907, INC Session took place at Surat under the leadership of Rash Behari Ghosh. 

• A.O. Hume a retired English civil Servant took several efforts to organize the First Indian National Congress Session.
• W.C Banerjee Presided over the First Session of INC at Bombay in Dec 1885.
• It is also opined that formation of INC was to provide a safety valve but don't have enough evidence to prove it.

1. Reformist Movements
1. Brahma Samaj
2. Prarthana Samaj
3. Aligarh Movement
4. Young Bengal Movement
5. Justice Movement
6. Self Respect Movement
7. Mahar Movement
2. Revivalist Movements 
1. Arya Samaj
2. Ram Krishna Mission
3. Deoband Movement
3. Other Important Movements
1. Ahrar Movement
2. Ahmadiya Movement
3. Deva Samaj
4. Theosopical Movements
5. Tatvabodhini Sabha

• Founder: H.P Blavatsky and M.S Olcott * One of the most frequently asked Question.
• Objectives: To form universal Brotherhood of Man and to promote the study of ancient religions and philosophies.

• Many revolts happened even before 1857, but except few most of the revolts didn't led to a massive one.
• By the year 1857 most of the Indian states came under the control of British.
• Some historians and scholars called this as the First War of Indian Independence.

• Poverty means a state of lack of access to basic needs like food, shelter, education, etc..,

1. Absolute Poverty: 
• People having income below the subsistence level of Living.
2. Relative Poverty:
• Let the people be divided based on their income into different groups.
• Then last 20% people having low income is said to be in poverty on comparing with the top 20% people having high income.

1. Temporary Poverty
2. Chronic Poverty
3. Primary Poverty
4. Secondary Poverty
5. Rural Poverty
6. Urban Poverty

• A person is said to be unemployed when he is available/willing to work but unable to get employed.

1. Black Revolution  - Petroleum
2. Blue Revolution - Fish [Remember the colour of Sea]
3. Brown Revolution - Leather / Cocoa [Remember colour of brown leather/ cocoa]
4. Golden Revolution - Horticulture / Honey
5. Golden Fiber Revolution - Jute
6. Green Revolution - Food Grains
7. Grey Revolution - Fertilizer
8. Pink Revolution - Onion / Prawn
9. Red Revolution - Meat / Tomato
10. Silver Revolution - Egg / Poultry
11. White Revolution - Milk / Diary
12. Yellow Revolution - Oil Seeds
13. PM Modi's Tricolour Revolution
• Second Green Revolution - Protein Rich Pulses
• White Revolution - Cattle Welfare
• Blue Revolution - for fishermen's Welfare and Clean water
• Saffron Revolution - Solar Energy

• Paper 1 - General Studies
• Paper 2 - Aptitude

• Current events of national and international importance.
• History of India and Indian National Movement.
• Indian and World Geography - Physical, Social, Economic Geography of India and the World.
• Indian Polity and Governance - Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Policy, Rights Issues, etc.
• Economic and Social Development Sustainable Development, Poverty, Inclusion, Demographics, Social Sector initiatives, etc.
• General issues on Environmental Ecology, Bio-diversity and Climate Change - that do not require subject specialization.
• General Science.

• Comprehension
• Interpersonal skills including communication skills;
• Logical reasoning and analytical ability
• Decision-making and problem-solving
• General mental ability
• Basic numeracy (numbers and their relations, orders of magnitude, etc.) (Class X level), Data interpretation (charts, graphs, tables, data sufficiency etc. - Class X level)
• English Language Comprehension skills (Class X level).

1. Allahabad Bank 
2. Andhra Bank 
3. Bank of Baroda   
4. Bank of India   
5. Bank of Maharashtra  

• Tamil Nadu SI 2010 Previous Year Question paper Download Click Here

The Question paper had 140 Questions in total with two Parts. Duration of Exam : 2.30 hrs

• Part A - General Knowledge (80 Questions)

• Part B - Psychology (60 Questions) 

• Science - 24 Question

• Economics - 13 Questions

• Tamil - 10 Questions 

• Geography - 7 Questions 

• English - 6 Questions

• History - 5 Questions

• Polity - 5 Questions

• Maths - 4 Questions 

• Book Author Names - 3 Questions

• Environment - 1 Question

• Day - 1 Question

• International Organisations - 1 Question 

• Comprehension - 6 Questions
•  Remaining Aptitude, Reasoning, Decision making...

TNPSC VAO 2015-2016 Districtwise vacancy updated below. Check now