[Chemistry] Acids, Bases and Salts - General Science Study Materials

Acids, Bases and Salts


Acids
• Taste: Sour
• Testing: Changes the Blue litmus paper to Red.
• Conducts Electricity when acid solution is mixed with water.
• Ions produced in water: H3O+ or H+ ions


Common Acids and its Sources
1. Acetic Acid - Vinegar
2. Citric acid - Citrus fruits like orange, lemon, etc..,
3. Lactic Acid - Curd
4. Methanoic Acid - Ant sting, Nettle sting..
5. Oxalic acid - Tomato
6. Tartaric Acid - Tamarind


Bases
• Taste: Bitter
• Testing: Changes Red litmus paper to Blue.
• The purple colour litmus solution indicates that the solution is neither acidic nor basic.
• Conducts Electricity when basic solution is mixed with water.
• Ions produced in water: OH- ions.
• Alkali: Bases which are soluble in water.


pH Scale
• Used to find the hydrogen ion concentration in the given solution.
• pH , p - power(potenz in german).
• Minimum value - 0 and Maximum Value -14
• Value '0' represents - very acidic
• Value '14' represents - Very basic or very alkaline
• Value '7' represents - Neutral
• pH value for acid rain - less than 5.6.




Salts:
• Chlorine - Water treatment
• Bleaching powder - oxidising agent, disinfectants
• Sodium Hydrogen carbonate - Antacids, baking soda
• Sodium carbonate - Washing Soda